Cpu Architecture

cpu architecture

NC Device Architecture and Technology

The past 10 years, with the rapid development of computer technology, numerical control device architecture are moving in the direction of standardization and openness. The system structure, in today’s world CNC System Can be divided into 3 types: traditional architecture: This is a closed proprietary architecture CNC equipment. Its extensions, change and maintenance, must turn the system supplier. Such numerical control system market is being challenged, has been gradually reduced. PC embedded Nc architecture: The structure is based on the traditional structure, embedded PC, its purpose is not only inherited the accumulation of numerical software for many years, but also use PC-rich software resources. More complex structure of such systems. PC-based architecture: The structure is based on standard PC = machine’s hardware is based on a general-purpose operating system (such as Windows, LINIX, etc.) developed by the support of real-time multi-task system, the realization of a variety of numerical functions. It is widely used in modern numerical control device architecture, based on the structure of NC devices with high performance and low cost and long vitality. A typical PC-based CNC visual architecture in Figure 1, the hardware block diagram in Figure 2.

Figure 1 CNC visual map The following functions to discuss the plan from 8-4 in the role of the various hardware modules.

1. Computer motherboards and system bus board (motherboard) computer motherboard is the core of CNC devices, as is PC-based architecture, the hardware modules are compatible with standard PC-bus. The aim is to use PC-rich software and hardware resources, improve the system adaptability and openness. Lower prices, reduce new product development cycle. CNC equipment and computer systems of ordinary commercial PC, in the realization of a slightly different structure. Starting from the system’s reliability, its board and motherboard are separated, that is, the system bus is a single passive motherboard, motherboard is made of card forms, and more integrated, so-called ALL-IN-ONE motherboard. This board includes the following functional structure: CPU chips and peripheral chips. memory unit, cache and peripheral chips. communication interface (serial, parallel port, keyboard interface). soft and hard drive interfaces. The composition of the functional principle and the principle of common micro-computer exactly the same, not repeat them here. The main role of the computer motherboard is. Input to the CNC device in a variety of data, information (parts processing, various I / O information, etc.) for the corresponding arithmetic and logic operations, and in accordance with the results of their treatment, to control commands issued by other functional modules, data transmission, so that the user’s instructions are carried out.

Figure 2 CNC device hardware structure

System bus (motherboard) is the digital information transmitted by a group composed of the physical wire, it is the CNC device to exchange data or information within the channel, the composition of principle and the principle of common micro-computer exactly the same. Pc as a general industrial machine is independent of the passive bus, four-layer motherboard printed circuit board, that is, on both sides of the plate alignment surface for the signal line, while in the middle for the power supply and ground, the reliability of more than two board. The specification of 6 slots, 8 slots, 12 slots and 14 slots, etc., the user can function under the CNC device to select the number plate.

2. Display module display module that graphics card is a highly versatile module. In the CNC device, CRT display is a very important function, it is an important human-machine communication medium, to provide users with an intuitive operating environment, allowing users to quickly familiar with its operation. The main role of graphics card are: to receive control commands from the CPU, and display the data used, the scan with the CRT signal modulated to produce the required CRT display video signals from the CRT’s electron gun to scan the screen, resulting in screen required. Graphics card not ready for this hardware on the market to buy, and it also has very rich support for software, so no user development.

3. Import / export module input A / out module is a standard PC machine modules

? Multifunction card, generally does not require users to their own development. Input A / out module is CNC device and the outside world data and information exchange in the interface board, the CNC device in the CPU via the interface can access data from external input devices, CNC devices can also be sent to an external output device data. If the computer motherboard is ALL? IN? ONE motherboard, motherboard has integrated this feature because, this board can be omitted.

Above three parts, matched with the keyboard, power supply and chassis, in fact, is a general-purpose micro-computer system, this system is the core of CNC equipment. In a sense, their grades and performance determine the grade and performance of CNC equipment, thus, CNC Control Computer Subsystem rational use is essential.

4. E-Disk (memory module) is a CNC device-specific electronic disk storage module. In the CNC device is used to store the following data and parameters: inherent in the data system software and systems; system configuration parameters (the system can control the feed axes, axis definition, system gain, etc.); the user’s part processing.

In the CNC device, often electronic memory device as an external memory instead of magnetic storage device, mainly on account of CNC devices work environment may be electromagnetic interference, magnetic devices, low reliability, the electronic memory device anti-electromagnetic interference is stronger in relative terms. Also because of the electronic device storage unit is disk management by way of, so called electronic disk.

5. CNC system, PLC control module controls the equipment is divided into two categories: One is the speed of each axis and the position of “trajectory control”; the other is movement of equipment, “the order of control.” To CNC machine tools The term “Sequence Control” means during the operation of CNC machine tools to CNC machine tools of various internal and trip switches, sensors, buttons, and the relay traffic signal state for the condition, according to a predetermined logical order such as spindle starting, stopping and reversing, the replacement tool, workpiece clamping, release, hydraulic, cooling, lubrication system operation control, etc.. CNC device in order to achieve the control module is the PLC control module. The module mainly receives from the operator panel, machine tools on the trip switches, sensors, buttons, strong chest, electric relays, and spindle control, tool control the signal, the corresponding treated control device operation.

6. Position control position control module is the module to the servo system into the important part is when the locus of control, CNC device and the servo drive system
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Intro to Computer Architecture